Alexis Hue

Clayton Christensen, professeur à la Harvard Business School, a marqué l’histoire du management avec un concept simple mais implacable : le dilemme de l’innovateur.
Selon lui, les leaders échouent non pas parce qu’ils sont mauvais, mais parce qu’ils ignorent ce qui paraît insignifiant.

Autrement dit, ce ne sont pas les concurrents établis qui détrônent les géants… mais des usages émergents, d’abord marginaux, qu’ils refusent de prendre au sérieux.

Clayton Christensen, professeur à la Harvard Business School, a marqué l’histoire du management avec un concept simple mais implacable : le dilemme de l’innovateur.
Selon lui, les leaders échouent non pas parce qu’ils sont mauvais, mais parce qu’ils ignorent ce qui paraît insignifiant.

Autrement dit, ce ne sont pas les concurrents établis qui détrônent les géants… mais des usages émergents, d’abord marginaux, qu’ils refusent de prendre au sérieux.

YouTube : de gadget à géant

Prenez YouTube.
Il y a dix ans, beaucoup le considéraient comme périphérique, un repaire de vidéos amateurs sans réelle valeur. Aujourd’hui, YouTube redéfinit ce que « regarder », « écouter » et « être influenceur » signifient. Pour toute une génération, c’est devenu la première plateforme de consommation de contenus, bien avant la télévision ou la radio.

Ce qui semblait marginal est devenu central.

La radio face au même dilemme

Et la radio dans tout ça ?

Plus de 90 % de ses revenus reposent encore sur la FM.
Confortable, oui. Pérenne, non.

Car les usages changent vite. Les auditeurs veulent consommer l’audio en mode à la demande : podcasts, replays, streaming, algorithmes de recommandations. Ce n’est pas une tendance passagère, mais une transformation profonde des attentes.

Le vrai choix des dirigeants radio

La question n’est pas de savoir si la FM va décliner.
Elle est de savoir quand et à quelle vitesse.

Les dirigeants radio se trouvent face à un dilemme clair :

• Rester dans la zone de confort FM : protéger les revenus d’aujourd’hui, mais risquer une lente érosion.

• Miser sur le numérique : prendre des risques, mais préparer les revenus de demain.

Le danger n’est pas Spotify ou YouTube en tant que concurrents.
Le vrai danger, c’est de croire que la FM suffira encore longtemps.

Transformer avant qu’il ne soit trop tard

Comme l’a montré Christensen, les leaders échouent rarement par manque de talent ou de moyens. Ils échouent parce qu’ils n’osent pas tourner le dos à ce qui a fait leur succès passé.

Pour les radios, la fenêtre est étroite. Miser sur l’audio numérique n’est pas une option « à côté », c’est la seule manière d’assurer la pérennité d’un média qui a toujours su se réinventer.

« Nous devrions arrêter de nous limiter en nous appelant des dirigeants du câble qui produisent du contenu pour le câble. Cela disparaîtra tôt ou tard. Ce que nous sommes tous, ce sont des créatifs. Nous produisons du contenu, ensuite nous le diffusons sur différents supports et l’audience choisit de le regarder, de l’écouter ou de le vivre, selon l’endroit où elle préfère le consommer. »

— Kathleen Finch, ex-CEO des chaînes Warner Bros Discovery

Ce constat ne s’applique pas seulement à la télévision.
Il s’applique tout autant à la radio.

De la diffusion à la création

Pendant des décennies, l’identité des radios s’est confondue avec la diffusion hertzienne. Mais dans un monde de plus en plus dominé par le streaming et l’audio à la demande, l’essentiel n’est plus la fréquence FM. L’essentiel, c’est le contenu.

Les auditeurs ne veulent plus attendre qu’une grille décide pour eux. Ils veulent accéder à vos programmes quand ils veulent, où ils veulent, comme ils veulent. C’est exactement la même bascule qu’a connue la télévision, passée du rendez-vous du prime time à l’instantanéité de Netflix.

Le piège du statu quo

S’accrocher à la diffusion traditionnelle, c’est confondre assurance et stratégie. La FM et le DAB peuvent rester utiles en cas de crise ou de coupure réseau, mais ils ne répondent plus aux attentes quotidiennes des auditeurs. Comme je l’explique dans Transformation Numérique de la Radio – Guide Pratique, continuer à considérer la diffusion linéaire comme le cœur du métier, c’est céder à ce que les psychologues appellent l’effet Einstellung : la tendance à répéter ce qui a fonctionné hier, même quand ce n’est plus adapté.

Une transformation radicale, pas un ajustement

Réussir ne signifie pas seulement distribuer ses programmes sur Spotify ou lancer une application de rattrapage. Cela exige de repenser le rôle même de la radio :

• Produire des contenus pensés pour l’audio à la demande, pas simplement recyclés.

• Réorganiser les équipes et les incitations pour que le numérique ne soit plus un projet annexe.

• Mesurer ce qui compte vraiment : l’engagement, la durée d’écoute, la rétention, la conversion en revenus.

La question n’est plus « si », mais « à quelle vitesse »

La télévision a mis du temps à reconnaître l’ampleur du streaming, mais une fois le basculement enclenché, tout s’est accéléré. La radio suit la même trajectoire. « Graduellement, puis soudainement » : la formule s’applique ici aussi.

L’avenir appartient à ceux qui auront le courage d’agir tôt, de prendre des risques et de placer le numérique au cœur de leur stratégie.

When one of the largest US radio groups says “we’re going digital-first,” that’s not marketing spin. That’s a signal.

A strong one.

Beasley Media Group – 55 stations, 20 million weekly listeners, a top 10 US broadcaster – just announced a full digital-first pivot.

Translation: FM is no longer the center of gravity.

And Beasley isn’t talking about sprinkling in a podcast here, or posting a few more clips on TikTok. Their plan is deeper:

• Expand revenue beyond FM

• Create content designed for on-demand and social

• Reorganize teams so digital sits at the core of programming, sales, and operations

• Develop data, product, and audience-growth capabilities more common in tech companies than in radio groups

This matters because too many broadcasters still treat digital as a side project, something bolted on, often underfunded, often seen as a cost center.

Beasley is flipping the model. Digital is not a support act. It is the business.

Why is this bigger than Beasley?

When a legacy player with 55 stations and decades of FM dominance restructures around digital, it sets a precedent. It removes the last excuse for smaller, nimbler stations that claim they’re too constrained to transform.

The truth is: digital isn’t waiting. Audiences already live in a digital-first world. Their habits, platforms, and expectations are all shaped outside of radio.

• Listeners compare your app not to another station’s app, but to Spotify, Netflix, or WhatsApp.

• Advertisers benchmark your targeting and attribution against what they see from Google or Meta.

• Audiences expect personalization, seamless interfaces, and on-demand choice as the default.

If you don’t meet those expectations, someone else will.

From “digital strategy” to strategy for a digital world

As I wrote in Radio’s Digital Transformation Playbook, the challenge is not to build a “digital strategy” as an add-on. The challenge is to rethink your entire strategy for a digital-first environment.

That means restructuring: how teams are organized, how success is measured, how content is produced, and how revenue is captured. It means developing skills in data, experimentation, product, and audience acquisition, not just in programming and sales.

No more excuses

If Beasley can move, so can you.

The question every broadcaster should be asking themselves is: What stops us from doing the same?

Because the longer you treat digital as “extra,” the faster you train your future audience to live without you.

In 2014, a 97-page internal document leaked from The New York Times that was never meant to see daylight. Called the Innovation Report, it became one of the most embarrassing – and ultimately transformative – moments in modern media history.

The report didn’t question The Times’ journalism, which remained world-class. Instead, it exposed everything around journalism: organizational structures, digital workflows, audience development strategies, and distribution approaches that were fundamentally broken for the digital age.

The findings were brutal, but they sparked a transformation that turned The Times into one of the most successful digital media companies in the world. By 2020, they had generated over $800 million in digital revenue and built 6 million digital subscribers while maintaining their journalistic excellence.

Here’s the uncomfortable question for radio leaders: If someone conducted the same kind of unflinching digital audit at your station, what would they find?

The Times’ Digital Reckoning: What the Report Revealed

The Innovation Report highlighted critical organizational failures that will sound familiar to many radio executives:

Organizational Structure Problems

The newsroom remained organized around print operations, with digital treated as an afterthought rather than a primary distribution channel. Traditional silos between editorial and digital teams blocked innovation and slowed response to changing audience behaviors.

Audience Acquisition Gaps

The Times lacked a coherent strategy for growing and engaging digital audiences. While competitors were building sophisticated audience acquisition systems, The Times maintained a passive approach to digital distribution, essentially waiting for readers to find them rather than actively reaching new audiences.

Competitive Disadvantage

Perhaps most alarming: competitors like The Huffington Post were often attracting more traffic from Times journalism than The Times itself, simply due to better digital packaging and promotion strategies.

Technology and Workflow Issues

The organization’s technical infrastructure and content management systems weren’t built for digital-first publishing, creating friction in workflows and limiting their ability to optimize content for different platforms.

The Transformation: From Embarrassment to Excellence

Rather than writing defensive press releases or dismissing the criticism, The Times leadership embraced the report’s findings and initiated comprehensive changes:

Breaking Down Silos

They dismantled traditional barriers between editorial and digital operations, creating cross-functional teams that combined journalists, engineers, designers, and product managers. This organizational restructuring enabled faster decision-making and better integration of digital strategies.

Technology Investment

The Times built a proprietary content management system called Scoop, doubled its technology team size, and attracted top talent from Silicon Valley. They treated technology as a core capability rather than a support function.

Revenue Diversification

Moving beyond traditional advertising models, they developed multiple digital revenue streams: the Cooking app attracted nearly 1 million subscribers, Games reached 1 million subscribers, and acquisitions like Wirecutter added e-commerce revenue.

Audience Acquisition Revolution

They built sophisticated social media strategies, enhanced search engine optimization, and created systems to resurface archival content. Most importantly, they established robust data and analytics operations to understand and serve their digital audiences effectively.

What Would Your Radio Station’s Innovation Report Say?

Through our work with radio organizations worldwide, we’ve developed a comprehensive digital transformation framework that addresses eight critical dimensions. Based on this framework, here are the most common gaps that would likely surface in a radio station’s digital audit:

1. Strategy: Lacking a Strategy for a Digital World

The Problem: Many stations have digital activities but no coherent strategy for a digital world that aligns with their core value proposition and audience focus.

The Reality Check: Digital transformation requires clear strategic decisions about where to compete (platforms, formats, audience segments) and how to win, rather than simply being present everywhere without intention.

2. Organization: Siloed Digital Operations

The Problem: Digital efforts remain isolated in separate departments with limited integration into core programming and editorial decisions.

The Reality Check: Successful digital transformation requires cross-functional teams where digital thinking informs all content and distribution decisions, not just post-production adaptations.

3. Data: Flying Blind Without Digital Intelligence

The Problem: Making content and programming decisions based primarily on traditional broadcast metrics rather than digital engagement data.

The Reality Check: Digital success requires understanding completion rates, subscriber behavior, cross-platform audience journeys, and retention metrics that don’t exist in traditional broadcast measurement systems.

4. Experimentation: Planning Instead of Testing

The Problem: Approaching digital initiatives with traditional broadcast perfectionism rather than embracing rapid testing and iteration.

The Reality Check: Digital environments change too quickly for long planning cycles. Success requires systematic experimentation to validate assumptions and scale what works.

5. Content: Repurposing Rather Than Optimizing

The Problem: Treating digital platforms as simple redistribution channels for broadcast content rather than developing platform-specific content strategies.

The Reality Check: Digital audio consumption patterns are fundamentally different from broadcast listening. On-demand audiences expect content designed for intentional, focused consumption rather than background listening.

6. Distribution: Platform Strategy Confusion

The Problem: Inconsistent presence across digital platforms with no clear understanding of each platform’s role in the overall audience journey.

The Reality Check: Each platform – whether Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or owned websites – requires specific distribution strategies and serves different functions in audience acquisition and retention.

7. Audience Acquisition: Assuming Digital Discovery

The Problem: Expecting digital audiences to find content the way broadcast audiences stumbled upon radio signals within limited dial options.

The Reality Check: In digital, discovery must be earned through algorithmic understanding and systematic audience acquisition efforts. Being “one of millions” requires entirely different visibility strategies than being “one of 20 stations on the dial.”

8. Monetization: Single Revenue Stream Dependency

The Problem: Relying primarily on traditional advertising models without developing digital-native revenue streams or subscription offerings.

The Reality Check: Digital audio success often requires diversified monetization approaches, from premium content subscriptions to branded content partnerships or direct audience support.

Starting Your Own Digital Transformation

The New York Times Innovation Report worked because it provided brutal honesty about organizational weaknesses combined with actionable recommendations. For radio stations, the process can start much smaller than a 97-page internal document.

Begin with a Digital Diagnostic

Before investing in major technology or organizational changes, establish a clear baseline of where your digital transformation stands. This includes:

• Content Performance Analysis: How does your content perform across different digital platforms? What are your completion rates, engagement metrics, and subscriber growth patterns?
• Audience Journey Mapping: How do new listeners discover your content digitally? What’s the conversion path from initial discovery to regular consumption?
• Competitive Intelligence: How are similar stations or content creators succeeding in your market? What strategies are they using that you’re not?
• Organizational Assessment: Where are the silos between traditional and digital operations? What capabilities do you need to build or acquire?

Focus on Systematic Experimentation

Rather than betting everything on major initiatives, develop systematic approaches to testing digital strategies. The New York Times succeeded partly because it treated its transformation as an ongoing learning process rather than a one-time project.

Build Cross-Platform Competency

Digital success requires understanding how content flows across platforms and how each platform serves different functions in audience development. This means developing expertise in podcast visibility optimization, social media strategy, and owned platform development.

Moving From Audit to Action

The New York Times Innovation Report succeeded because it connected honest assessment with strategic action. For radio organizations, the path forward doesn’t require a leaked internal document. It requires leadership commitment to understanding where digital transformation stands and developing systematic approaches to improvement.

The Times proved that legacy media organizations can not only survive digital disruption but thrive within it. Their journey from an embarrassing internal report to a digital media success story offers a roadmap for any content organization willing to confront uncomfortable truths about its digital readiness.

The question isn’t whether digital transformation is necessary for radio. That debate ended years ago. The question is whether your organization will proactively audit its digital transformation standing or wait for market forces to conduct the audit for you.

Ready to conduct your own digital transformation assessment? Get in touch!

When I consult with radio executives about digital transformation—discussing content innovation, platform strategies, distribution approaches, audience acquisition, and data-driven decision making—I’ve noticed a clear pattern emerge. After hundreds of conversations across markets and continents, radio leaders tend to fall into three distinct categories based on how they respond to the digital shift.

Understanding these archetypes isn’t just academic; it reveals why some organizations thrive in the on-demand audio landscape while others struggle to adapt. More importantly, it highlights the critical window we’re in for the radio industry’s digital future.

1. The Engagers: Embracing the Digital Future

The Engagers dive headfirst into transformation discussions. Some approach with excitement about new possibilities, others with visible anxiety about the challenges ahead. But they all share a crucial trait: they understand that change isn’t optional.

These executives ask probing questions about first-party platforms, platform strategy, and explore audience acquisition beyond traditional broadcast reach. They’re often (but not always) younger professionals, or seasoned leaders who’ve deliberately chosen to focus on future viability over short-term comfort.

What sets Engagers apart is their willingness to move from understanding to action. They don’t just nod along when discussing the shift from linear to on-demand consumption. They start thinking about content strategies that could work across both broadcast and on-demand.

Why I enjoy working with this group: They treat digital transformation as the strategic imperative it is. They’re willing to experiment, measure results, and adapt based on evidence rather than assumptions. These are the leaders building sustainable audio businesses for the next decades.

2. The Resisters: Knowing But Not Acting

The Resisters present the most complex challenge. They possess full awareness of the industry disruption. They’ve seen the data on declining broadcast audiences, understand platform dependency risks, and recognize that discovery is no longer guaranteed just by being on the dial.

Yet they hesitate to act decisively.

This hesitation often stems from personal interests or comfort zones that conflict with necessary organizational changes. They might discuss digital initiatives in meetings, but consistently revert to “business as usual” when budget and resource allocation decisions arise. They talk about platform-native content but continue treating digital as merely a redistribution channel for broadcast programming.

The challenge with Resisters: Their knowledge makes their inaction more frustrating than ignorance would be. They understand the need for experimentation and innovation, or concepts like audience acquisition funnels, but their decision-making remains anchored to legacy models that served them well in the past.

While I understand the human psychology behind this resistance – change threatens established hierarchies and familiar workflows – the long-term consequences for their organizations can be severe.

3. The Disconnected: Missing the Urgency

The Disconnected worry me most. They hear industry terminology like “on-demand consumption,” “platform algorithms,” “shrinking traditional audiences,” and “data-driven content strategies.” They see the metrics showing digital audio growth and changing listener behaviors.

But somehow, it doesn’t register as urgent.

These executives continue operating as if the fundamental shifts in audio consumption are temporary trends rather than permanent structural changes. They treat discussions about listener acquisition or first-party platform development as interesting but non-essential topics; something to maybe explore later when they have extra resources.

This concerns me deeply: The Disconnected aren’t consciously choosing to resist change. They simply don’t perceive the strategic necessity. This makes them the most vulnerable to disruption because they’re not even preparing for scenarios they should be actively planning for.

The Window Is Closing

The radio industry is experiencing what I call the “Attention Paradox”. While content abundance has exploded, audience attention has become increasingly scarce and fragmented. Digital platforms have shifted the competitive landscape from competing with 20-30 stations on a dial to competing with millions of content options across multiple platforms and formats.

This transformation demands new organizational capabilities: structured experimentation processes, cross-platform distribution strategies, audience acquisition expertise, and data-driven decision making. Radio’s traditional strengths – trusted brands, strong content creation abilities, and existing audience relationships -remain valuable assets, but only if they’re adapted to work within digital-first consumption patterns.

There is a question that keeps me up at night. If organizations led by the Disconnected executives category can’t recognize the urgency now, when the data is clear, the trends are established, and successful digital transformation examples exist within the industry, when will they start engaging seriously with these challenges?

Moving Forward

For radio executives reading this, the first step is honest self-assessment: Which category do you recognize yourself in? More importantly, which category is your organization operating from at the leadership level?

The encouraging news is that digital transformation in audio isn’t about abandoning radio’s core strengths. It’s about amplifying them across new distribution channels and consumption patterns. The organizations that will thrive are those combining radio’s authenticity and community connection with digital-native audience development and platform optimization strategies.

The choice is clear: Engage with digital transformation as the strategic imperative it is, resist change while competitors gain advantages, or remain disconnected until market forces make the decision for you.

Which path will your organization choose?